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d2 phaser diffractometer  (Bruker Corporation)


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    Bruker Corporation d2 phaser diffractometer
    D2 Phaser Diffractometer, supplied by Bruker Corporation, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 18271 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/d2+phaser+diffractometer/pmc12856634-73-21-19?v=Bruker+Corporation
    Average 99 stars, based on 18271 article reviews
    d2 phaser diffractometer - by Bioz Stars, 2026-07
    99/100 stars

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    Preparation and characteristics of Au-HA-functionalized SN38 NPs. (a) HA NPs are prepared by complexing SN38 with a human serum albumin (HSA)-based HA/PEI mixture. Simultaneously, Au NP-incorporated HA NPs (Au/HA NPs) are synthesized by integrating PEI-stabilized Au NPs into the HA/albumin complex. HA-functionalized SN38 NPs are prepared using a lyophilization–hydration method. (b) Transmission electron microscopy images of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs. Samples are negatively stained with 2 % uranyl acetate before imaging. Scale bar = 200 nm. (c) The average size and zeta potential of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs are analyzed using dynamic light scattering and aqueous electrophoresis. Each experimental group includes five samples ( n = 5). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical analyses are performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. (d) Full scan XPS spectrum of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs. <t>(e)</t> <t>X-ray</t> diffraction patterns of SN38, HA NP, and Au/HA NPs. (f) Storage stability of NPs as evaluated according to particle size (D) is determined by dissolving the re-lyophilized HA NPs and Au/HA NPs in 1 mL double-distilled water (ddH 2 O). Each experimental group include five samples ( n = 5). (g) Colloidal stability of NPs, as measured according to particle size (D), is assessed in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10 % ( v /v) fetal bovine serum to evaluate stability under physiologically relevant conditions. Each experimental group includes five samples (n = 5). (h) Representative and (i) quantitative cell surface CD44 expression posttreatment with SN38, HA NPs, and Au/HA NPs in A549, H226, and LLC cells as determined using flow cytometry. Each experimental group includes five samples (n = 5). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical significance is assessed using the one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's multiple comparisons test. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. Abbreviations: HA, hyaluronic acid; LLC, Lewis lung carcinoma; NP, nanoparticle; PEI, polyethyleneimine.
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    Preparation and characteristics of Au-HA-functionalized SN38 NPs. (a) HA NPs are prepared by complexing SN38 with a human serum albumin (HSA)-based HA/PEI mixture. Simultaneously, Au NP-incorporated HA NPs (Au/HA NPs) are synthesized by integrating PEI-stabilized Au NPs into the HA/albumin complex. HA-functionalized SN38 NPs are prepared using a lyophilization–hydration method. (b) Transmission electron microscopy images of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs. Samples are negatively stained with 2 % uranyl acetate before imaging. Scale bar = 200 nm. (c) The average size and zeta potential of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs are analyzed using dynamic light scattering and aqueous electrophoresis. Each experimental group includes five samples ( n = 5). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical analyses are performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. (d) Full scan XPS spectrum of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs. <t>(e)</t> <t>X-ray</t> diffraction patterns of SN38, HA NP, and Au/HA NPs. (f) Storage stability of NPs as evaluated according to particle size (D) is determined by dissolving the re-lyophilized HA NPs and Au/HA NPs in 1 mL double-distilled water (ddH 2 O). Each experimental group include five samples ( n = 5). (g) Colloidal stability of NPs, as measured according to particle size (D), is assessed in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10 % ( v /v) fetal bovine serum to evaluate stability under physiologically relevant conditions. Each experimental group includes five samples (n = 5). (h) Representative and (i) quantitative cell surface CD44 expression posttreatment with SN38, HA NPs, and Au/HA NPs in A549, H226, and LLC cells as determined using flow cytometry. Each experimental group includes five samples (n = 5). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical significance is assessed using the one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's multiple comparisons test. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. Abbreviations: HA, hyaluronic acid; LLC, Lewis lung carcinoma; NP, nanoparticle; PEI, polyethyleneimine.
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    Preparation and characteristics of Au-HA-functionalized SN38 NPs. (a) HA NPs are prepared by complexing SN38 with a human serum albumin (HSA)-based HA/PEI mixture. Simultaneously, Au NP-incorporated HA NPs (Au/HA NPs) are synthesized by integrating PEI-stabilized Au NPs into the HA/albumin complex. HA-functionalized SN38 NPs are prepared using a lyophilization–hydration method. (b) Transmission electron microscopy images of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs. Samples are negatively stained with 2 % uranyl acetate before imaging. Scale bar = 200 nm. (c) The average size and zeta potential of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs are analyzed using dynamic light scattering and aqueous electrophoresis. Each experimental group includes five samples ( n = 5). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical analyses are performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. (d) Full scan XPS spectrum of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs. <t>(e)</t> <t>X-ray</t> diffraction patterns of SN38, HA NP, and Au/HA NPs. (f) Storage stability of NPs as evaluated according to particle size (D) is determined by dissolving the re-lyophilized HA NPs and Au/HA NPs in 1 mL double-distilled water (ddH 2 O). Each experimental group include five samples ( n = 5). (g) Colloidal stability of NPs, as measured according to particle size (D), is assessed in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10 % ( v /v) fetal bovine serum to evaluate stability under physiologically relevant conditions. Each experimental group includes five samples (n = 5). (h) Representative and (i) quantitative cell surface CD44 expression posttreatment with SN38, HA NPs, and Au/HA NPs in A549, H226, and LLC cells as determined using flow cytometry. Each experimental group includes five samples (n = 5). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical significance is assessed using the one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's multiple comparisons test. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. Abbreviations: HA, hyaluronic acid; LLC, Lewis lung carcinoma; NP, nanoparticle; PEI, polyethyleneimine.
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    Preparation and characteristics of Au-HA-functionalized SN38 NPs. (a) HA NPs are prepared by complexing SN38 with a human serum albumin (HSA)-based HA/PEI mixture. Simultaneously, Au NP-incorporated HA NPs (Au/HA NPs) are synthesized by integrating PEI-stabilized Au NPs into the HA/albumin complex. HA-functionalized SN38 NPs are prepared using a lyophilization–hydration method. (b) Transmission electron microscopy images of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs. Samples are negatively stained with 2 % uranyl acetate before imaging. Scale bar = 200 nm. (c) The average size and zeta potential of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs are analyzed using dynamic light scattering and aqueous electrophoresis. Each experimental group includes five samples ( n = 5). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical analyses are performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. (d) Full scan XPS spectrum of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs. <t>(e)</t> <t>X-ray</t> diffraction patterns of SN38, HA NP, and Au/HA NPs. (f) Storage stability of NPs as evaluated according to particle size (D) is determined by dissolving the re-lyophilized HA NPs and Au/HA NPs in 1 mL double-distilled water (ddH 2 O). Each experimental group include five samples ( n = 5). (g) Colloidal stability of NPs, as measured according to particle size (D), is assessed in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10 % ( v /v) fetal bovine serum to evaluate stability under physiologically relevant conditions. Each experimental group includes five samples (n = 5). (h) Representative and (i) quantitative cell surface CD44 expression posttreatment with SN38, HA NPs, and Au/HA NPs in A549, H226, and LLC cells as determined using flow cytometry. Each experimental group includes five samples (n = 5). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical significance is assessed using the one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's multiple comparisons test. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. Abbreviations: HA, hyaluronic acid; LLC, Lewis lung carcinoma; NP, nanoparticle; PEI, polyethyleneimine.
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    Preparation and characteristics of Au-HA-functionalized SN38 NPs. (a) HA NPs are prepared by complexing SN38 with a human serum albumin (HSA)-based HA/PEI mixture. Simultaneously, Au NP-incorporated HA NPs (Au/HA NPs) are synthesized by integrating PEI-stabilized Au NPs into the HA/albumin complex. HA-functionalized SN38 NPs are prepared using a lyophilization–hydration method. (b) Transmission electron microscopy images of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs. Samples are negatively stained with 2 % uranyl acetate before imaging. Scale bar = 200 nm. (c) The average size and zeta potential of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs are analyzed using dynamic light scattering and aqueous electrophoresis. Each experimental group includes five samples ( n = 5). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical analyses are performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. (d) Full scan XPS spectrum of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs. <t>(e)</t> <t>X-ray</t> diffraction patterns of SN38, HA NP, and Au/HA NPs. (f) Storage stability of NPs as evaluated according to particle size (D) is determined by dissolving the re-lyophilized HA NPs and Au/HA NPs in 1 mL double-distilled water (ddH 2 O). Each experimental group include five samples ( n = 5). (g) Colloidal stability of NPs, as measured according to particle size (D), is assessed in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10 % ( v /v) fetal bovine serum to evaluate stability under physiologically relevant conditions. Each experimental group includes five samples (n = 5). (h) Representative and (i) quantitative cell surface CD44 expression posttreatment with SN38, HA NPs, and Au/HA NPs in A549, H226, and LLC cells as determined using flow cytometry. Each experimental group includes five samples (n = 5). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical significance is assessed using the one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's multiple comparisons test. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. Abbreviations: HA, hyaluronic acid; LLC, Lewis lung carcinoma; NP, nanoparticle; PEI, polyethyleneimine.
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    Preparation and characteristics of Au-HA-functionalized SN38 NPs. (a) HA NPs are prepared by complexing SN38 with a human serum albumin (HSA)-based HA/PEI mixture. Simultaneously, Au NP-incorporated HA NPs (Au/HA NPs) are synthesized by integrating PEI-stabilized Au NPs into the HA/albumin complex. HA-functionalized SN38 NPs are prepared using a lyophilization–hydration method. (b) Transmission electron microscopy images of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs. Samples are negatively stained with 2 % uranyl acetate before imaging. Scale bar = 200 nm. (c) The average size and zeta potential of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs are analyzed using dynamic light scattering and aqueous electrophoresis. Each experimental group includes five samples ( n = 5). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical analyses are performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. (d) Full scan XPS spectrum of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs. (e) X-ray diffraction patterns of SN38, HA NP, and Au/HA NPs. (f) Storage stability of NPs as evaluated according to particle size (D) is determined by dissolving the re-lyophilized HA NPs and Au/HA NPs in 1 mL double-distilled water (ddH 2 O). Each experimental group include five samples ( n = 5). (g) Colloidal stability of NPs, as measured according to particle size (D), is assessed in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10 % ( v /v) fetal bovine serum to evaluate stability under physiologically relevant conditions. Each experimental group includes five samples (n = 5). (h) Representative and (i) quantitative cell surface CD44 expression posttreatment with SN38, HA NPs, and Au/HA NPs in A549, H226, and LLC cells as determined using flow cytometry. Each experimental group includes five samples (n = 5). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical significance is assessed using the one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's multiple comparisons test. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. Abbreviations: HA, hyaluronic acid; LLC, Lewis lung carcinoma; NP, nanoparticle; PEI, polyethyleneimine.

    Journal: International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X

    Article Title: Gold-incorporated hyaluronic acid nanoparticles enhance ablative radiotherapy efficacy in lung cancer

    doi: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100480

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Preparation and characteristics of Au-HA-functionalized SN38 NPs. (a) HA NPs are prepared by complexing SN38 with a human serum albumin (HSA)-based HA/PEI mixture. Simultaneously, Au NP-incorporated HA NPs (Au/HA NPs) are synthesized by integrating PEI-stabilized Au NPs into the HA/albumin complex. HA-functionalized SN38 NPs are prepared using a lyophilization–hydration method. (b) Transmission electron microscopy images of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs. Samples are negatively stained with 2 % uranyl acetate before imaging. Scale bar = 200 nm. (c) The average size and zeta potential of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs are analyzed using dynamic light scattering and aqueous electrophoresis. Each experimental group includes five samples ( n = 5). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical analyses are performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. (d) Full scan XPS spectrum of HA NPs and Au/HA NPs. (e) X-ray diffraction patterns of SN38, HA NP, and Au/HA NPs. (f) Storage stability of NPs as evaluated according to particle size (D) is determined by dissolving the re-lyophilized HA NPs and Au/HA NPs in 1 mL double-distilled water (ddH 2 O). Each experimental group include five samples ( n = 5). (g) Colloidal stability of NPs, as measured according to particle size (D), is assessed in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10 % ( v /v) fetal bovine serum to evaluate stability under physiologically relevant conditions. Each experimental group includes five samples (n = 5). (h) Representative and (i) quantitative cell surface CD44 expression posttreatment with SN38, HA NPs, and Au/HA NPs in A549, H226, and LLC cells as determined using flow cytometry. Each experimental group includes five samples (n = 5). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical significance is assessed using the one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's multiple comparisons test. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. Abbreviations: HA, hyaluronic acid; LLC, Lewis lung carcinoma; NP, nanoparticle; PEI, polyethyleneimine.

    Article Snippet: Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of SN38, HA NP, and Au/HA NP were recorded using a D2 PHASER X-ray diffractometer (Bruker Analytical X-Ray Solutions, Madison, WI, USA) equipped with a Cu Kα radiation source (λ = 1.5418 Å).

    Techniques: Synthesized, Lyophilization, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Staining, Imaging, Zeta Potential Analyzer, Electrophoresis, MANN-WHITNEY, Modification, Expressing, Flow Cytometry